ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic value of one-time biliopancreatic-duct-imaging-system (eyeMax)-assisted endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT) for children.Methods:A total of 11 children who were diagnosed as having uncomplicated acute appendicitis by imaging in Xi′an Children′s Hospital from August to November 2022 were enrolled. All patients received subscope-assisted ERAT. Subscope was intubated into the appendix cavity to observe the mucosa directly. Appendicitis was treated through cleansing, fecalith extraction, stent drainage. The clinical manifestations under subscope were recorded, as well as the treatment success rate, intubation success rate, the effective rate, complication incidence during and after the operation.Results:The age of 11 children was 7.93±2.67 years old. Appendix intubation was successful in all patients. Congestion and swelling of the mucosa in appendiceal orifice and appendix cavity were seen under the subscope in 11 children. There were 6 cases with appendiceal fecaliths, 8 cases with pus and 6 cases with luminal distortion or stenosis. Perforation was observed in 1 case during the operation and no other complication occurred. All patients were treated under subscope, including flushing appendiceal cavity (11 cases), fecalith extraction with extraction basket (3 cases), and appendiceal drainage with stenting (2 cases). The symptoms and signs were relieved after the operation, and the effective rate within 48 hours was 10/11. There were no procedure-related complications or recurrence during postoperative follow-up for 1 week to 4 months.Conclusion:Acute appendicitis could be diagnosed by observing the appendix cavity directly under one-time biliopancreatic-duct-imaging-system-assisted ERAT, and also could be treated with the system, where appendix could be preserved and radiation damage could be avoided with safety and effectiveness.
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Objective:To explore the similarities and differences between children and adults with eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE), and to guide the diagnosis and treatment of EGE.Methods:From February 2013 to August 2018 at Xi′ an Children′ s Hospital, 18 children with EGE (child group) and from June 2008 to June 2018 at Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, 24 adults with EGE (adult group) were retrospectively selected as study subjects. The general data, clinical symptoms, laboratory examinations, imaging, endoscopy manifestations, pathological biopsy, treatment and prognosis of the two groups were analyzed. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results:The proportion of child group with allergic history was higher than that of adult group (9/18 vs. 20.8%, 5/24), the incidence of nausea and vomiting was higher than that of adult group (13/18 vs. 29.2%, 7/24), the incidence of diarrhea and weight loss were both lower than those of adult group (4/18 vs. 58.5%, 14/24; 3/18 vs. 54.2%, 13/24), and the proportion of patients with elevated peripheral blood eosinophil count was lower than that of adult group (4/18 vs. 58.3%, 14/24), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=3.938, 7.644, 5.477, 6.133 and 5.477, P=0.047, 0.006, 0.019, 0.013 and 0.029). The main endoscopic manifestations of the two groups were mucosal congestion and edema (13 cases of child group and 22 cases of adult group). Mucosal roughness (7 cases) and erosion (6 cases) were also common in child group, while mucosal erosion (18 cases, 75.0%) and ulcer (8 cases, 33.3%) were more common in adult group. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of mucosal erosion between the two groups ( χ2=7.292, P=0.007). The positive rates of biopsy in the terminal ileum, colorectum and duodenum of child group and adult group were both high (6/6, 14/15, 9/18 and 8/10, 12/15, 6/8, respectively). The response time of glucocorticoid treatment was 4.5 d (2.0 to 27.0 d) and 3.7 d (1.0 to 14.0 d) in child group (8 cases) and adult group (13 cases), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the recurrence rate after glucocorticoid treatment between the two groups (5/8 vs. 6/13, P > 0.05). Conclusions:The clinical characteristics of children and adults with EGE are different, which may provide references for clinicians to understand, diagnose and treat EGE.
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Objective To identify the routes and branches of the proper plantar digital nerves(PPDN) in the medial of the great toe and its adjoining relationship among the surrounding fascia tissues and organs,which was expected to provide accurate localization of the nerve impingement and possible relevant of anatomical basis for the treatment of nerve entrapment in clinical utility.Methods From December,2016 to January,2019,a total of 54 formalin fixed feet were collected.Fifty of them were performed conventional anatomical procedure,the other 4 were prepared with sectional anatomical technique.The seats and branches of the PPDN in the medial of the great toe were observed;The width and thickness of the nerve were measured at the first metatarpophalangeal joint(FMPJ),along with its proximal and distal sides 0.5 cm.The origin and origin of fascia were observed by foot dissection.Masson staining was used to observe the tissue changes of the nerves in the FMPJ.Results The PPDN of the medial great toe run between the flexor pollicis longus tendon and the abductor pollicis tendon at the proximal,issued (4.21±0.12) final branches.And governed the sensation of the medial half of the great toe.The width of the nerve at the FMPJ was (3.50±0.09) mm,which was significantly increased compared with that of the near [(1.58±0.04) mm] and far [(1.56± 0.03) mm] from the joint.The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05);The thickness of the nerve in the proximal segment was (0.83±0.04) mm,and that in the distal segment was (0.82±0.03) mm.Compared with that in the FMPJ [(0.67±0.02) mm],the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).A deep fascia was observed on the superficial surface of the PPDN at medial great toe,which was stretched between the tendon sheath of the flexor pollicis longus tendon and the tendon of the abductor pollicis muscle.Masson staining showed obvious proliferation of nerve outer mem brane fibers at the metatarpophalangeal joint,the number of nerve fiber bundles increased,and obvious thickening of nerve fiber bundles and nerve fascia.Conclusion Long-term compression can lead to thickening of the epineurium and perineurium,and the superficial fascia is an important factor of thumb pain and numbness caused by the compression of the PPDN at medial of the great toe.